Rock and soil properties

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Moisture content

The drying method is adopted for the water content of rock, which is suitable for the rock without crystal water and containing crystal water.

Soil moisture content is applicable to coarse-grained soil, fine-grained soil, organic soil and frozen soil.

Particle density

Particle density can be divided into Pycnometer method and water weighing method. The Pycnometer method is applicable to all kinds of rocks, and the water weighing method is applicable to all kinds of rocks except for those with water disintegration and dissolution, dry shrinkage and wet expansion, and density less than 1G / cm3.

Bulk density

The density of rock mass can be divided into three methods: volume method, water weighing method and sealing method. The volume method is applicable to all kinds of rocks that can be prepared into regular test pieces. The water weighing method is applicable to all kinds of rocks except for water disintegration, dissolution, dry shrinkage and wet expansion. The sealing method is applicable to rocks that cannot be measured by volume method or directly weighed in water for test. The natural moisture content of rock should be measured at the same time when block density test is carried out by sealing method. Paraffin or high polymer resin coating can be selected as sealing material.

water uptake

Water absorption test can be divided into natural water absorption test and saturated water absorption test. The natural water absorption of rock is measured by free water absorption method, and the saturated water absorption is measured by boiling method or vacuum pumping method. It is suitable for rock that does not disintegrate or dissolve when encountering water and does not dry, shrink or swell.

Soil density

Soil density ring knife method: fine-grained soil; wax sealing method: fragile soil and hard soil with irregular shape; irrigation method and sand filling method: coarse-grained soil.

Specific gravity of soil particle

Specific gravity of soil particle the specific gravity of soil composed of particles less than or greater than 5mm shall be determined by Pycnometer method, float balance method and siphon method respectively.

Particle size analysis

Sieve analysis method: suitable for soil with particle size less than or equal to 60mm and greater than 0.075mm; densimeter method and pipette method: soil with particle size less than 0.075mm.

Limit moisture content

Combined determination of liquid and plastic limit; liquid limit test of dish type instrument; plastic limit test of rolling method