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Advanced metal-based nanomaterials (MBNs) represent a dynamic frontier in the field of nanomedicine, providing multifunctional platforms for next-generation diagnostics and therapies. Their tunable structures, along with catalytic, optical, and magnetic properties, enable a variety of nanodynamic therapies (NDTs), including photodynamic, chemodynamic, sonodynamic, thermodynamic, piezoelectric, radiodynamic, and magnetic approaches. In addition to established tumor ablation, MBNs exhibit potent antibacterial and antiviral activities by generating reactive oxygen species, modulating immunity, and disrupting biofilms. Recent advances in metal-organic frameworks, metal-phenolic networks, and two-dimensional metal nanosheets have expanded the toolkit for precision drug delivery, image-guided therapy, and bioresponsive release strategies. This comprehensive review focuses on the design principles of emerging MBN platforms, their therapeutic mechanisms, and diverse biomedical applications, emphasizing synergistic treatment strategies and their roles in overcoming hypoxia, multidrug resistance, and immunosuppression. Despite their promising potential, clinical translation is still hindered by unresolved issues such as long-term biosafety, biodegradability, and scalable manufacturing. Future work is expected to focus on optimizing pharmacokinetics through smart nanostructures, integrating multimodal imaging with real-time therapeutic feedback, and ensuring regulatory compliance. Ongoing innovation at the intersection of materials science, biology, and medicine is crucial for transforming MBN-based systems into clinically viable tools for oncology, infectious disease management, and personalized healthcare.
