Nanomachines: From "Enzyme-like Activity" to Regulation of Disease Microenvironment
Nanomachines (nanozymes) are a type of nanomaterials with catalytic activity similar to that of natural enzymes. Due to their high stability, easy modification, and strong controllability, they have demonstrated unique advantages in disease treatment. Unlike natural enzymes, which are prone to inactivation and have short half-lives, nanomachines can function effectively in complex pathological environments, especially for the regulation of ROS-related diseases. Platinum (Pt) nanomachines are one of the most thoroughly studied types of class CAT nanomachines. They can efficiently catalyze the decomposition of H2O2 into H2O and O2, alleviating oxidative stress while improving local hypoxia conditions. Compared to traditional antioxidants, Pt nanomachines have significant advantages such as high catalytic efficiency, long-lasting effect, and not relying on consumption-based clearance mechanisms. However, in MI treatment, Pt nanomachines still face two core challenges: 1) A single clearance of ROS cannot solve the problem of lactate accumulation caused by metabolic acidification; 2) The nanoscale system is easily cleared rapidly within the heart, making it difficult to achieve long-term local effects.
The original source: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0142961226000293? via%3Dihub=