SnSe (tin selenide) thermoelectric material is a layered IV-VI group semiconductor nanomaterial (bandgap approximately 0.8–1.0 eV), composed of Sn and Se elements, featuring extremely low lattice thermal conductivity (<0.5 W/(m·K)) and excellent anisotropic transport properties. Monoclinic SnSe exhibits ultra-high thermoelectric performance (ZT > 2.5–2.8) in the high-temperature range of 600–800 K. Through nanostructure engineering (such as nanosheets, nanocrystals, and defect engineering), carrier concentration and phonon scattering can be further optimized. Its layered structure promotes strong anharmonic phonon vibrations, effectively reducing thermal conductivity while maintaining moderate electrical conductivity and a high Seebeck coefficient (~300–400 μV/K). It is mainly used in high-efficiency medium- to high-temperature thermoelectric power generation (such as industrial waste heat recovery and solar thermoelectric conversion) and is a breakthrough high-performance material in current thermoelectric material research.

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