PbTe (lead telluride) thermoelectric material is a narrow bandgap semiconductor nanomaterial (bandgap about 0.3 eV), composed of Pb and Te elements, featuring a high Seebeck coefficient (~200–300 μV/K), moderate electrical conductivity (~10⁴ S/m), and low thermal conductivity (~1–2 W/(m·K), which can be further reduced via nanostructuring). It shows excellent thermoelectric performance (ZT ≈ 1.5–2.2) in the mid-to-high temperature range of 400–800 K. Carrier transport and phonon scattering can be optimized through doping (e.g., Na, Ag) and nanocomposites (e.g., incorporating nanoparticles, superlattice structures). Its nanostructures (such as nanocrystals, quantum dots, superlattices) effectively scatter phonons and reduce lattice thermal conductivity while maintaining high electrical performance. It is mainly used for medium-to-high temperature thermoelectric power generation (e.g., industrial waste heat recovery, automotive exhaust heat utilization) and solid-state cooling, making it a key material for efficient direct conversion of heat to electricity.

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