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This study focused on the Ti-6Al-4V alloy bone implant, conducting a collaborative enhancement research on its corrosion resistance, wear behavior, and biocompatibility. Through targeted design and optimization strategies, it systematically analyzed the corrosion protection mechanism of the material in the physiological environment, the wear regulation rules, and the biological response mechanisms related to the bone tissue compatibility. It verified the comprehensive performance improvement of the modified material and provided theoretical support and technical paths for the long-term service and bone tissue integration of bone implants. This review, addressing the regeneration and repair dilemma caused by the heterogeneity of bone and cartilage tissue, takes the tissue engineering system combining mesenchymal stem cells and biomaterial scaffolds as the core, clarifies the regulatory mechanism of biological physical signals on the fate of stem cells, systematically summarizes the progress in the design of biomimetic microenvironment scaffolds under mechanical biology guidance, and realizes the precise regulation of mesenchymal stem cell lineage differentiation, providing theoretical support and design references for layered bone and cartilage regeneration, especially the regeneration of subchondral bone.
01 Research Background
The Ti-6Al-4V alloy, due to its excellent mechanical properties and basic biocompatibility, has become the core candidate material for bone implants. However, in the human physiological environment, its insufficient corrosion resistance, the need for improvement in wear resistance, and the need for further optimization of bone integration-related biocompatibility still pose significant challenges, restricting the stability of material long-term service and the efficient adaptation of bone tissue. Therefore, it is necessary to achieve multi-performance collaborative enhancement through modification or composite design to meet the application requirements of bone implants. The tendon-bone transitional tissue has a highly specialized extracellular matrix structure, with the core feature being the hierarchical arrangement of collagen and the gradient composition of minerals. This structure system can achieve stable force transmission and guide the cell phenotype of the spatial organization. Currently, it is impossible to precisely reproduce the complex multi-scale structure and composition gradient at the tendon-bone interface, which has become a key bottleneck in the regeneration and integration of soft and hard tissues. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a biomimetic matrix construction scheme that conforms to the natural structure characteristics.
02 Main Content
This study focused on the corrosion resistance, wear behavior, and biocompatibility of the Ti-6Al-4V alloy bone implant and conducted a systematic research: 1. Corrosion resistance optimization: Design surface modification/composite systems, analyze the interface phase composition and densification mechanism for corrosion protection, and clarify the path of corrosion medium barrier in the physiological environment; 2. Wear behavior regulation: Explore the influence of material surface structure and phase composition on tribological performance, reveal the core mechanism of wear damage, and establish the regulation method for wear behavior; 3. Biocompatibility enhancement: Focus on the bone tissue compatibility of the bone implant, study the influence of the material on the adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation of osteoblasts, and clarify the association mechanism between bone-related gene expression and bone integration-related responses; 4. Multi-performance collaboration: Verify the collaborative effect of corrosion resistance, wear resistance, and biocompatibility, clarify the intrinsic relationship between the improvement of each performance, and construct a material design concept that balances bone tissue compatibility and long-term service.
03 Research Design
A body-culture simulation experimental system for bone physiological environment was constructed, using multi-dimensional characterization and comparative analysis methods: 1. Performance characterization: Evaluate corrosion resistance through electrochemical tests, analyze wear behavior through tribological tests, and set reasonable control groups to compare the performance differences of the modified materials before and after modification; 2. Biological evaluation: Conduct in vitro osteoblast experiments, evaluate the biocompatibility and bone tissue compatibility of the materials from the dimensions of cell adhesion, proliferation, differentiation, and expression of bone-related markers; 3. Mechanism analysis: Combine microscopic structure characterization and theoretical analysis to clarify the mechanism of the modification strategy on corrosion resistance, wear resistance, and biocompatibility, focusing on the core evaluation indicators related to bone integration of the bone implant. 1. ACS Nano
2. Publication Date: February 27, 2026
3. DOI: 10.1007/s42114-026-01678-x
4. Authors: Mingyang Jiang, Shenyi Lu, Ke Zhang, Rubing Lin, Tao Wang, Xifan Zheng, Jinfeng Meng, Zhanghui Lin, Raquel Alarcón Rodríguez, Zhandong Bo, Ruqiong Wei
